Chapter 1 The principles and practice of ocular pathology
- Objectives
- General points
- COPLOW recommended tissue handling procedures
- Special stains and other histological techniques commonly used in ocular pathology
Chapter 2 Pathologic mechanisms in ocular disease
- Objectives
- Fundamental cellular and tissue responses to injury
- Cellular degeneration and death
- Tissue degeneration
- Inflammation and immunobiology
- Abnormalities of cellular or tissue development or differentiation
Chapter 3 Congenital, developmental, or hereditary abnormalities in animals
- Objectives
- General principles of ocular embryology in relation to spontaneous developmental ocular diseases
- Abnormalities associated with infectious diseases or maternal intoxication
- Abnormalities associated with specific animal breeds
- Sporadic congenital abnormalities of undetermined origin
Chapter 4 Surgical trauma and iatrogenic lesions
- Complications of intraocular surgery
- The full-thickness corneal incision and its variations
- Tissue effects of electrocautery, cryosurgical and laser applications
Chapter 5 Non-surgical trauma
- The relative importance of ocular trauma in a mail-in pathology practice
- General post-traumatic response of ocular tissues, regardless of the type of trauma
- Intraocular hemorrhage
- Non-penetrating (blunt) ocular trauma
- Penetrating injuries
- Chemical injury
- Proptosis and optic nerve trauma
- End-stage disease (atrophy of the globe and phthisis bulbi)
Chapter 6 Diseases of the orbit
- Inflammatory disease of the orbit
- Cystic lesions of the orbit
- Vascular lesions of the orbit
- Orbital fat prolapse (herniation)
- Neoplastic diseases
Chapter 7 Diseases of the eyelids and conjunctiva
- Congenital anomalies and early life diseases of the eyelids and conjunctiva
- Inflammatory lesions of the eyelid skin
- Proliferative and neoplastic lesions of the eyelid skin
- Eyelid margin masses
- Conjunctivitis
- Conjunctival neoplasms and other nodular lesions
Chapter 8 Diseases of the cornea and sclera
- Normal corneal anatomy
- Congenital and hereditary abnormalities
- Corneal dystrophies and degenerations
- Chronic keratitis, superficial
- Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK, previously termed pannus or Überreiter’s syndrome)
- Feline eosinophilic keratitis (proliferative keratitis)
- Equine eosinophilic keratitis, equine superficial corneal sequestrum, or equine indolent ulcer
- Feline corneal sequestrum (feline corneal necrosis, cornea nigrum)
- Corneal sequestration in other species
- Recurrent erosion syndrome (indolent ulcer, Boxer ulcer, spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects)
- Fungal keratitis, equine and other species
- Keratomalacia, collagenolytic keratitis, melting corneal ulcer
- Corneal perforation
- Corneal lysis, perforation, and iris prolapse with epithelialization in young cats
- Early life corneal perforation, early life trauma syndrome, and anterior chamber collapse syndrome
- Corneal epithelial inclusion cyst
- Inflammation disrupting the endothelium, endotheliitis
- Corneal neoplasia
- Diseases of the sclera
Chapter 9 The uvea
- Background and non-neoplastic diseases
- Uveal neoplasia
Chapter 10 Diseases of the Lens
- Normal anatomy
- Congenital or hereditary conditions
- Cataract
- Lens protein breakdown or lens capsule rupture and its significance in inflammatory eye disease
- The lens epithelium and its role in disease after lens capsule rupture
- Lens luxation
Chapter 11 The Retina
- General considerations
- Congenital and hereditary diseases
- Other degenerative conditions of the retina
- Retinal vascular disease
- Retinal detachment, retinal separation
- Trauma
- Inflammatory diseases of the retina
- Retinal neoplasia
Chapter 12 The Optic Nerve
- Normal anatomy
- Congenital and hereditary diseases
- Optic nerve swelling, trauma and degeneration
- Inflammation of the optic nerve
- Tumors of the optic nerve
Chapter 13 The Glaucomas
- General considerations
- The canine glaucomas
- The feline glaucomas
- The equine glaucomas
Index
The early history of comparative ophthalmic pathology has been primarily the domain of veterinary ophthalmology, and its achievements have been well documented in review articles by Milton Wyman, a veterinary ophthalmologist, and Leon Saunders, a veterinary pathologist. The 19th century saw veterinary ophthalmology advance and the importance of veterinary ocular pathology gain recognition. J. Carver, a veterinary surgeon, published a significant study related to the pathology of the horse’s eye and, with other publications on the eye of animals starting to appear, veterinary ophthalmology developed as a viable discipline in European veterinary schools. Urbain Leblanc, a Parisian veterinarian, wrote a book on veterinary ophthalmology that was later translated into German. With Helmholtz’s discovery of the ophthalmoscope in 1850, the ability to diagnose ocular disease in humans and animals became a reality.
The late 19th through the early 20th century was a critical period for veterinary ophthalmology, with increased activity in veterinaryschools in Europe. In Berlin, Heinrich Möller, a veterinarian, made major contributions to veterinary ophthalmology, which were included in his book, Lehrbuch der Augenheilkunde für Tierärzte. Physicians teaching ophthalmology at the veterinary colleges developed a broad interest in ocular diseases in animals, and some, like Rudolf Berlin at the Veterinary College of Stuttgart, became interested in pathology. Josef Bayer, an Austrian physician and veterinarian, was devoted to the study of equine recurrent uveitis; while at the Vienna Veterinary College, he examined hundreds of enucleated eyes of horses. His findings were published in books and papers, and many of the specimens ended up in a notable museum collection in Vienna. By the late 19th and early 20th century, the study of veterinary ophthalmology and veterinary ocular pathology was well underway throughout Europe. In Vienna, Otto Überreiter made important observations on canine glaucoma and equine cataract. In Hungary, veterinary ophthalmology was a topic of research and teaching at the Royal Veterinary College. Béla Plósz worked on the ocular histology of farm animals and studied lenticular opacities of horses. László Szutter was active in the area of ocular pathology and wrote a book, Tierärztliche Augenheilkunde. In England, Edward Nettleship, an ophthalmic pathologist at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London, published information on ocular diseases in dogs as well as humans, and George Coats, also an ophthalmic pathologist at that institution, studied congenital anomalies of animals’ eyes. Edward Hilding Magnusson, a veterinary pathologist, described observations of hereditary retinal atrophy in the Gordon setter, and Theodor Kitt, a pathologist, produced the first textbook of veterinary pathology to seriously treat thesubject of ophthalmic diseases (Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie der Haustiere). Henry Gray, an English veterinarian, contributed to the literature on veterinary ophthalmology, while in France, Eugéne Nicolas, a veterinary ophthalmologist, published a text on veterinary and comparative ophthalmology (Ophtalmologie, Vétérinaire et Comparée). Nicolas’ book was translated into English by Henry Gray and served as a major source of information for veterinarians in the British Empire and in the United States into the 1950s.
The 5th and final edition of Kitt’s textbook appeared in 1927, and three decades elapsed before a comparable section on the diseases of the eye was published. This occurred in the American textbook on veterinary pathology published by Thomas C. Jones. Jones had previously published a series of articles on ocular pathology, particularly on uveitis in horses. Then, in the early 1950s, another veterinary pathologist in the United States, Leon Saunders, published a paper in the Cornell Veterinarian on blindness in dogs and a paper in the Journal of Comparative Pathology on intraocular lesions of canine distemper. In 1957, Hilton A. Smith and Thomas C. Jones included a chapter on ocular pathology in their textbook, Veterinary Pathology. This book chapter marked the beginning of renewed interest in veterinary ophthalmic pathology, especially in North America, and included information on intraocular tumors in dogs by veterinary pathologists Leon Saunders and Charles Barron.
During the 1960s, veterinary ophthalmology and veterinary ocular pathology continued to evolve in the United States. In 1964, William G. Magrane started a clinical practice focused exclusively on veterinary ophthalmology, and Stuart Young, a veterinary pathologist at Colorado State University and honorary diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO), began to be actively involved in veterinary ocular pathology. In 1968, the main topic of the annual meeting of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP) was ophthalmic pathology, with Lorenz E Zimmerman, head of the Ophthalmic Pathology Branch of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), as the featured guest.
The development of veterinary ophthalmology and veterinary ocular pathology continued in the United States during the 1970s. In 1974, Lionel Rubin, a veterinary ophthalmologist, published an atlas of veterinary ophthalmoscopy that included information on both domestic animals and laboratory animals. Included in the textbook were pictures, provided by Leon Saunders, of histopathologic findings in the retina that correlated to the funduscopic pictures. This was the beginning of many subsequent interactions between clinical veterinary ophthalmologists and veterinary ocular pathologists. William Carlton, a veterinary pathologist at Purdue University, routinely examined enucleated eyes as part of a diagnostic service and incorporated his findings into material for a graduate course on ophthalmic pathology. At this time, Leon Saunders was rewarded for his contribution to veterinary ophthalmology by becoming an honorary diplomate of the ACVO, and another veterinary pathologist, Richard Dubielzig, began to give lectures on comparative ophthalmic pathology.
During the 1980s, the findings in diagnostic veterinary ophthalmic pathology from previous years of study were being shared and organized. The C L Davis Foundation offered symposia on ophthalmic pathology. Brian Wilcock from the University of Guelph, Richard Dubielzig, and William Carlton were invited speakers. In December 1980, a symposium on comparative ophthalmic pathology was held in Chapel Hill, bringing together veterinary ophthalmologists and pathologists with an interest in comparative ocular pathology. This symposium was organized by two veterinary ophthalmologists actively involved in comparative ocular pathology: Robert Peiffer Jr, at the University of North Carolina, and Robert Trucksa, at the AFIP. Among the presenters was Richard Dubielzig. The symposium was followed by the publication of the textbook, Comparative Ophthalmic Pathology, in 1983. This textbook contained contributions from veterinary pathologists William Carlton, Brian Wilcock, and Jantine van der Linde-Sipman from the University of Utrecht; and veterinary ophthalmologists Stephen Bistner from the University of Minnesota, Craig Fischer from the Animal Eye and Medical Clinic of Tampa Bay, Charles Martin of the University of Georgia, Ron Riis of Cornell University, and Frans Stades of the University of Utrecht.
This symposium gave rise to the ophthalmic pathology short course, ‘The Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease’, which included Robert Peiffer, Brian Wilcock, Richard Dubielzig, William Carlton, Leon Saunders, Herb Whiteley, and Stuart Young as faculty members. The faculty gradually changed over the years to include additional veterinary pathologists and ophthalmologists with an interest in veterinary ophthalmic pathology. The course continues to meet every other year and has been integrated into a larger course on veterinary ophthalmology sponsored by the ACVO (William Magrane Basic Science Course in Veterinary and Comparative Ophthalmology).
In the 1990s, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) sponsored a course, organized by Thomas C. Jones of the Harvard Medical School, Ulrich Mohr of the Hannover Medical School in Germany and Yoichi Konishi of the Nara Medical University on the pathology of the eye that was offered in the three countries. During this period, ILSI sponsored a book by Thomas C. Jones, Ulrich Mohr, and Ronald D. Hunt, entitled Eye and Ear, which discussed the pathology of the eye and ear in laboratory animals. Although the book was not a comprehensive review, it mentioned comparisons with other species and with similar lesions in man. Also at this time, the topic of veterinary ocular pathology was presented at the annual meeting of the ACVP. This meeting was held jointly with the annual meeting of the ACVO to foster the interactions between veterinary pathologists and veterinary ophthalmologists.
The present book, Veterinary Ocular Pathology: a Comparative Review, is an accumulation of years of painstaking observations regarding the gross and microscopic appearance of eyes from a wide variety of species with naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. The book draws heavily from the extensive collection of ocular pathology specimens housed at the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). With the same spirit of enthusiasm and interest in discovery as their predecessors in the field, Richard Dubielzig and his associates have written a textbook on comparative ophthalmic pathology that is current and comprehensive, to aid ophthalmologists and pathologists in both the veterinary and human medical fields.
Key Features
- The first text devoted to the pathology of spontaneous diseases of the eyes and periocular tissues of domestic animal species.
- Exceptionally high quality illustrations are presented throughout, demonstrating clinical features, gross pathology and histopathology.
- Written by pathologists and clinicians.
- Includes a chapter devoted to the pathology of conditions associated with glaucoma in domestic animals.
Book Review
"This book seems likely to make a major contribution to the Continuing Professional Development of all who deal with eye problems as ophthalmologists or pathologists. The text and illustrations are of high quality, reflecting the authors' reputations, and combine to make an outstanding publication. It is highly recommended and will surely have a place in the bench library of those who practice this specialty." -- Veterinary Journal, March 2011.
Product Details
- Hardcover: 472 pages
- Publisher: Saunders Ltd.; 1 edition (May 18, 2010)
- Language: English
- ISBN-10: 0702027979
- ISBN-13: 978-0702027970
- Product Dimensions: 11 x 8.7 x 1.1 inches
List Price: $389.00